Information about laminated materials?

Hmm...laminates. You could take a PhD in that topic and still not know everything, the field is that vast.

When people talk about strength, there are usually 3 primary types of 'strengths' they could be referring to - yield strength, Elastic modulus and toughness.

One definition of the YS is, for example "Often defined as the stress needed to produce a specified amount of plastic deformation (usually, a 0.2 percent change in length)." For the layperson, "the stress at which a bar of material X when pulled, fails" usually suffices.

The Elastic modulus of a material is defined as its stress/strain ratio. It is analogous to the (normalised version of the) spring constant,k, in Hooke's Law, F=kx.

Toughness is a bit trickier to define, because of the multitude of tests one can do to abuse a material, but basically, the tougher the material, the more abuse it can take before failing.

The yield strength of a laminate material under uniaxial load depends on the laminate's construction and layout. For example, if the layers in your laminate were transverse to the axis at which you were applying the load (e.g. you pulling a sandwich apart) then it is weak. If we return to the sandwich analogy the only resistance to your force is the mayo and butter. If you pull the laminate in the plane of its laminae, then it is much stronger.

Same issue with the Elastic modulus.

As for toughness, in most cases laminates increase the ability of an otherwise homogeneous material to withstand abuse. There are exceptions to these, of course. CFRP panels on aircraft, for example, have terrible toughness (they weren't designed for that!) and the oft-mentioned example of dropping a spanner on them will severely damage the composite; while the famed Chobham armour on Challenger and Abrams tanks is a composite itself (they were designed for that!).